According to new research from Lund University in Sweden, a man who is subjected to physical pain experiences less severe pain if he is subjected to the suffering by a woman rather than a man. Furthermore, when asked about their pain following surgery, men report less pain than women.
“This was true despite the fact that the men and women involved in the study were dressed the same and used the same script,”
said Anna Sellgren Engskov, Ph.D. student at Lund University and consultant in anesthesiology and intensive care. She will defend her dissertation at Lund University with her thesis Perception of nociceptive pain — perspectives on induction, evaluation, and gender on November 17.
Pain Stimulation Surprise
In the first experiment, healthy volunteers were stimulated with a short laser pulse in the arch of their feet. A picture emerged that surprised the researchers, in addition to new knowledge about how different pain fibers are activated: when a woman induced pain in a male research subject, stronger pain stimulation was required to achieve the same pain threshold as if the performer was a man.
The findings prompted a follow-up study that focused purely on gender. The research subjects were now given a little device in their hand that releases a weak electric current when a button is pressed.
The research subjects would release the button when they felt pain. The tests were conducted twice, once with a female examiner and once with a male. Both were neutrally and professionally dressed and stuck to a script to avoid any other interaction that could affect the situation.
“Just like in the first study, we saw that it required stronger stimulation to elicit the same estimated pain with a female examiner than with a male. Both female and male research subjects experienced this,”
said Anna Sellgren Engskov.
Postoperative Discomfort
The results brought her to a new group of subjects: postoperative patients. Could their pain experiences also be influenced by the gender of the examiner?
A total of 245 patients from three distinct postoperative wards at Skne University Hospital were polled. A female and a male investigator asked the patients about their discomfort shortly after surgery.
“We were able to partially confirm our previous results here as well. Men, but not women, were in less pain when asked by a woman. The differences were not that great, and probably has no significance at a group level. However, for the individual patient, it can matter, especially given that the differences in pain were greatest when it hurt so much that the patients started asking for pain relief,”
said Anna Sellgren Engskov.
More Empathic Ability
There is existing research that suggests a higher empathic ability in women, which in turn can be linked to silent communication — for example, more smiles and more direct eye contact. But whether this explains the results is hard to say.
“This is the first confirmation of these results both experimentally in healthy individuals as well as clinically with newly operated patients. Including the gender perspective when pain is evaluated can hopefully contribute to patients receiving even better care and pain treatment in the future,”
concluded Professor Jonas Åkeson, main supervisor in the project and senior physician in anesthesiology and intensive care at SUS in Malmö.