The small-molecule inhibitor onalespib has shown effectiveness in preclinical studies of glioblastoma conducted by researchers at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC – James).
Onalespib is intended to inhibit a molecule called heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). The molecule helps newly made protein molecules fold into their final functional form.
A large number of receptor and DNA-damage-response proteins require HSP90 to achieve their functional conformation. In cancer cells, HSP90 can be expressed up to 10 times higher than in normal cells.
Blocked HSP90 Activity
This study showed that onalespib blocked HSP90 activity and thereby reduced the expression of cell-survival proteins such as AKT and endothelial growth factor receptor in several glioma cell lines and in glioma stem cells obtained from patient tumours.
This, in turn, reduced the survival, proliferation, invasion and migration of the cells.
In animal models of glioblastoma (GBM), onalespib crossed the blood-brain barrier, and showed effectiveness as a single agent, and then greater effectiveness in combination with temozolomide, improving survival in both cases.
Principal investigator Vinay Puduvalli, MD, professor and director of the Division of Neuro-Oncology at Ohio State, said:
“Our studies show that onalespib can efficiently breach the blood-brain barrier and reach tumor cells better than other HSP90 inhibitors. By inhibiting HSP90, onalespib disrupts several key signaling pathways that drive the proliferation, metastasis and survival of glioblastoma cells. These findings suggest that this agent, in combination with chemotherapeutic temozolomide, could be an exciting new therapy for GBM. Based on the results of this study, we have generated a clinical trial that will determine whether onalespib in combination with standard therapy is safe and effective in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.”
Onalespib Plus Temozolomide
Among the key findings of the study, tumour cells derived from patients and implanted into a mouse model showed that onalespib plus temozolomide significantly survival compared with mice treated with a neutral agent or either agent alone.
Onalespib levels were higher in brain tissue compared with plasma after intravenous administration in a mouse model, showing that the agent can cross the blood-brain barrier.
Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly form of brain cancer. More than 12,000 new cases are expected to be diagnosed in 2017, with overall survival averaging 16-18 months.
The disease remains incurable, largely because GBM is difficult to remove surgically, because the blood-brain barrier prevents most chemotherapy from reaching these tumours and because these tumours tend to be radiation resistant.
Reference:
- Alessandro Canella, Alessandra M. Welker, Ji Young Yoo, Jihong Xu, Fazly S. Abas, Divya Kesanakurti, Prabakaran Nagarajan, Christine E. Beattie, Erik P. Sulman, Joseph Liu, Joy Gumin, Frederick F. Lang, Metin N. Gurcan, Balveen Kaur, Deepa Sampath and Vinay K. Puduvalli
Efficacy of Onalespib, a Long-Acting Second-Generation HSP90 Inhibitor, as a Single Agent and in Combination with Temozolomide against Malignant Gliomas
Clin Cancer Res October 15 2017 (23) (20) 6215-6226; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-3151
Last Updated on October 27, 2023