Harvard University researchers, studying brain scans of people who were asked to come up with inventive uses for everyday objects, found a specific pattern of connectivity that correlated with the most creative responses.
The researchers were then able to use that pattern to predict how creative other people’s responses would be based on their connections in this network.
“What this shows is that the creative brain is wired differently. People who are more creative can simultaneously engage brain networks that don’t typically work together. We also used predictive modeling to show we could predict, with some degree of accuracy, how creative people’s ideas were (based on brain scans) that had already been published,”
said Roger Beaty, a Post-Doctoral Fellow in psychology and the first author of the study.
Three Network Synchrony
Beaty and colleagues reanalyzed brain data from previous studies and found that, by simply measuring the strength of connections in these peoples’ brain networks, they could estimate how original their ideas would be.
While the data showed that regions across the brain were involved in creative thought, Beaty said the evidence pointed to three subnetworks – the default mode network, the salience network and the executive control network – that appear to play key roles in creative thought.
The default mode network, he said, is involved in memory and mental simulation, so the theory is that it plays an important role in processes like mind-wandering, imagination, and spontaneous thinking.
“In terms of creativity, we think that’s important for brainstorming. But you’re not always going to stumble onto the most creative idea that way, because you might be drawn to something unoriginal from memory, so that’s when these other networks come online,”
Beaty said.
The salience network, he said, detects important information, both in the environment and internally. When it comes to creativity, researchers believe it may be responsible for sorting through the ideas that emerge from the default mode network.
Lastly, Beaty said, the executive control network works to help people keep their focus on useful ideas while discarding those that aren’t working.
“It’s the synchrony between these systems that seems to be important for creativity. People who think more flexibly and come up with more creative ideas are better able to engage these networks that don’t typically work together and bring these systems online,”
Beaty said.
Creativity
To identify the brain network involved in creativity, Beaty and colleagues recruited a total of 163 volunteers, and used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology to scan their brains as they tried to conceive of creative ideas for everyday objects, like a brick or a knife or a rope.
The team then trained “raters” to review the responses from participants and evaluate how creative their ideas were.
“Creativity is typically defined as the ability to come up with new and useful ideas,” Beaty said. “We correlated the connectivity strength in this network while they were thinking creatively with the quality of their responses.”
Based on the results of that test, Beaty and colleagues developed a predictive model and tested against brain scan data collected for earlier studies on creativity.
“We used already-published data…we found that based on how strong the connections are in this network, we could guess pretty accurately how creative you’re going to be on a task,”
Beaty said.
Ultimately, Beaty said he hopes the study dispels some myths about creativity and where it comes from.
“One thing I hope this study does is dispel the myth of left versus right brain in creative thinking,” he said. “This is a whole-brain endeavor.”
It’s also not clear that this can’t be modified with some kind of training.
“It’s not something where you have it or you don’t. Creativity is complex, and we’re only scratching the surface here, so there’s much more work that’s needed,”
he added.
Roger E. Beaty, Yoed N. Kenett, Alexander P. Christensen, Monica D. Rosenberg, Mathias Benedek, Qunlin Chen, Andreas Fink, Jiang Qiu, Thomas R. Kwapil, Michael J. Kane, and Paul J. Silvia
Robust prediction of individual creative ability from brain functional connectivity
PNAS 2018 ; published ahead of print January 16, 2018, doi:10.1073/pnas.1713532115
Last Updated on November 12, 2022