Researchers have uncovered one of the subtle psychological variables that influence whether people deem a claim to be true or false: the sequence of the letters.
“We go about our lives looking for natural sequences, and when we find a match to one of these patterns, it feels right. An embedded alphabetic sequence, even if unconsciously perceived, feels like a safe haven, and our brains can make unconscious judgments that cause-and-effect statements following this pattern are true,”
says study author Dan King, Ph.D., an assistant professor at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley.
Symbolic Sequence Effect
Based on previous literature, the researchers knew that the brain attempts to organize information in ways that follow familiar patterns and sequences. One of the most universal, well-known patterns is the alphabet, and the investigators suspected that claims with first letters conforming to the arbitrary “ABCD” sequence — such as Andrenogel Increases Testosterone — would be perceived as more truthful.
To test this “symbolic sequence effect,” the researchers conducted an experiment in which one group of participants read 10 claims that followed the natural alphabetic sequence, such as “Befferil Eases Pain” or “Aspen Moisturizes Skin,” and the control group read statements that did not conform to alphabetical order, such as “Vufferil Eases Pain” or “Vaspen Moisturizes Skin.”
Then, both groups rated their estimation of the truthfulness of the claims. The truthfulness ratings were significantly higher for the claims that followed an alphabetical order, even if participants could not attribute the source of the feeling of truthfulness.
Reverse Alphabetical Order
Then, the researchers tested whether they could temporarily alter the brain’s pattern recognition process and consequently influence an individual’s perception of a claim’s truthfulness.
In this experiment, one group of participants watched a short video clip of the alphabet sung normally, while another group saw the clip with the ABC song sung in reverse order. Later, the groups rated the truthfulness of 10 claims.
The truthfulness ratings for claims following the reversed alphabetical sequence — such as “Uccuprin Strengthens Heart” — were higher for participants who had heard the alphabet sung in reverse.
The finding suggests that companies may be more likely to convince consumers that a slogan or claim is true if the causal statement follows an alphabetical order, King says. The more frightening implication, though, relates to fake news. Headlines with cause-effect statements that are in alphabetical order may feel more true, even if they are not.
“Consumers need to make evaluations based on fact or experimental evidence rather than whether something feels right. The alphabet is a random, arbitrary sequence we have learned, and it can play tricks on the brain when it comes to making judgments,”
says King.
References:
- King, D. and Auschaitrakul, S. (2019), Symbolic Sequence Effects on Consumers’ Judgments of Truth for Brand Claims. J Consum Psychol. doi:10.1002/jcpy.1132
- Schwartz, M. (1982). Repetition and rated truth value of statements. The American Journal of Psychology, 95(3), 393-407
Last Updated on September 29, 2023