Being Bilingual May Be An Advantage For Kids With Autism

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Being bilingual may make it easier for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) to switch gears from one task to another, according to a new study. The finding has potentially far-reaching implications for the families of children with ASD.

“Over the past 15 years there has been a significant debate in the field about whether there is a ‘bilingual advantage’ in terms of executive functions. Some researchers have argued convincingly that living as a bilingual person and having to switch languages unconsciously to respond to the linguistic context in which the communication is taking place increases cognitive flexibility.

But no one has yet published research that clearly demonstrates that this advantage may also extend to children on the autism spectrum. And so it’s very exciting to find that it does,”

senior paper author Aparna Nadig, of the School of Communication Sciences and Disorders at McGill University, said.

Task Shifting

The researchers arrived at this conclusion after comparing how easily 40 children between the ages of six and nine, with or without ASD, who were either monolingual or bilingual, were able to shift tasks in a computer-generated test. There were ten children in each category.

The children were initially asked to sort a single object appearing on a computer screen by color (i.e., sort blue rabbits and red boats as being either red or blue) and were then asked to switch and sort the same objects instead by their shape (i.e., sort blue rabbits and red boats by shape regardless of their color).

The researchers found that bilingual children with ASD performed significantly better when it came to the more complex part of the task-shifting test relative to children with ASD who were unilingual.

“It is critical to have more sound evidence for families to use when making important educational and child-rearing decisions, since they are often advised that exposing a child with ASD to more than one language will just worsen their language difficulties.

But there are an increasing number of families with children with ASD for whom using two or more languages is a common and valued practice and, as we know, in bilingual societies such as ours in Montreal, speaking only one language can be a significant obstacle in adulthood for employment, educational, and community opportunities,”

said Ana Maria Gonzalez-Barrero, the paper’s first author and a recent McGill PhD graduate.

Despite the small sample size, the researchers believe that the ‘bilingual advantage’ that they saw in children with ASD has highly significant implications and should be studied further. They plan to follow the children with ASD that they tested in this study over the next three-five years to see how they develop.

The researchers want to see whether the bilingual advantage they observed in the lab may also be observed in daily life as the children age.

Reference:

  1. Gonzalez-Barrero, A. M. and Nadig, A. S.. Can Bilingualism Mitigate Set-Shifting Difficulties in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders?. Child Dev. doi:10.1111/cdev.12979

Last Updated on January 7, 2023